{"id":35350,"date":"2026-05-21T10:10:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T14:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/news\/?p=35350"},"modified":"2026-05-22T16:58:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T20:58:46","slug":"new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\/","title":{"rendered":"New Study Explores How Governance Has Evolved Across History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list highlights\">\n<li><br><p>Up until now, our understanding of governance and organized power has\u00a0largely been\u00a0amassed\u00a0from\u00a0societies with written records. By incorporating archaeological evidence\u00a0in this study, new insights\u00a0reflect an array of\u00a0past societies and human experiences.<\/p><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><br><p>One of the study\u2019s key findings challenges the assumption that population size determines how power is organized. Instead, access to resources and funding play a more critical role in shaping governance structures.<\/p><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><br><p>Findings from the study can help our understanding and better inform our future governance decisions, opening paths to options that may be more just or more sustainable.<\/p><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A newly published study&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aec1426\"><em>Science Advances<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;is taking a broader look at how societies have organized power across history, combining archaeological and historical evidence to better understand governance over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coauthor Sarah \u201cStacy\u201d Barber, professor and associate chair for UCF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/anthropology\/\">Department of Anthropology<\/a>, says the project was driven in part by the growing availability of archaeological data and a need to think more expansively about human history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cArchaeology has been a scientific area of study for about a century, so we now have 100 years of&nbsp;aggregate&nbsp;data about ancient societies,\u201d Barber says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She explains that many past societies are often excluded from research because they did not leave behind written records&nbsp;the way most European, South&nbsp;Asian&nbsp;and East Asian&nbsp;societies&nbsp;did.&nbsp;Incorporating&nbsp;archaeological&nbsp;evidence&nbsp;ensures that the interpretation of ancient governance is not limited to societies&nbsp;with written&nbsp;history but&nbsp;instead allows for the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;of an array of human experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image figure float-left\" id=\"attachment_153312\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2026\/05\/Sarah-Stacy-Barber-221x300.jpg\" alt=\"headshot of woman with dirty blonde hair, glasses and blue blouse\" class=\"wp-image-153312 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 221px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 221\/300;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Anthropology, Stacy Barber.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen we forget about huge swaths of our past, we are weakening our ability to make decisions in the present, so anything that broadens our knowledge of how people can be people is a good thing,\u201d Barber says. \u201cIt opens paths to other options that may be more sustainable or more just in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenging Assumptions About Power<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the study\u2019s key findings&nbsp;challenges&nbsp;the assumption&nbsp;that&nbsp;population size&nbsp;determines&nbsp;how power is organized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although very densely populated societies are more likely to align with&nbsp;an autocracy \u2014&nbsp;one person&nbsp;ruling&nbsp;with&nbsp;absolute power&nbsp;\u2014&nbsp;Barber says the study found there are other options for managing large populations that do not require autocratic governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, access to resources and funding play a&nbsp;more&nbsp;critical role in shaping governance structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen the governing entities are relying on funding that comes from taxation and the general population, the population is going to have more influence in governing decisions,&nbsp;and leaders are constrained in how they can decide to use those resources,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study also points to a connection between governance and&nbsp;potential for&nbsp;imbalance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe&nbsp;less&nbsp;your governing regime has&nbsp;to&nbsp;answer to&nbsp;the populace, the more your governing regime can amass wealth for its own interests as opposed to the interests of everyone,\u201d&nbsp;Barber&nbsp;says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image figure mx-auto d-block\" id=\"attachment_153310\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/20\/files\/2026\/05\/Stacy-Barber-fourth-from-left-with-fellow-researchers-at-the-Amerind-Museum-and-Research-Center-in-Dragoon-Arizona.jpg\" alt=\"Group of 11 individuals, mixed men and women, standing in front of large brown doors with carvings\" class=\"wp-image-153310 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stacy Barber (fourth from left) with fellow researchers at the Amerind Museum and Research Center in Dragoon, Arizona.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expanding the Definition of Governance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study approaches governance as a spectrum rather than a set of fixed categories, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how societies function&nbsp;and the wide range of ways that humans organize themselves.&nbsp;To analyze governance across societies, the research team developed an index focused on two key factors: how concentrated power is and how&nbsp;much of the population is involved in decision making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe&nbsp;broke it down in terms of&nbsp;how many individuals or entities were involved in making decisions for a general population, and what proportion of the population was involved or had a voice in governing decisions,\u201d Barber says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Looking Ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barber&nbsp;says the team\u2019s plans for future research&nbsp;could&nbsp;expand the number of cases studied to&nbsp;determine&nbsp;whether findings shift as more societies from&nbsp;additional&nbsp;world regions are included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More broadly,&nbsp;she&nbsp;says the work creates space for scholars to revisit fundamental ideas about governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis research offers opportunities for scholars across the social sciences to reconsider what we mean by \u2018democracy\u2019 and to try and refine our understanding of how&nbsp;different aspects&nbsp;of governance affect the well-being of everyday citizens,\u201d she says.&nbsp;\u201cWe have the choice to reframe the way we live and redirect our futures, if we as a society deem it necessary. The future is not inevitable, and history shows us that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The funding for this project was provided to the project leads by The Coalition for Archaeological Synthesis, the Amerind Foundation, and the Field Museum of Natural History provided the funds to hold two workshops at the Amerind Foundation in Dragoon, Arizona. Publication support was provided to co-author David Stasavage by Arts &amp; Science at New York University.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A newly published study&nbsp;in&nbsp;Science Advances&nbsp;is taking a broader look at how societies have organized power across history, combining archaeological and historical evidence to better understand governance over time. Coauthor Sarah \u201cStacy\u201d Barber, professor and associate chair for UCF\u2019s Department of Anthropology, says the project was driven in part by the growing availability of archaeological data [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":35353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[32,38,39,6482,13,5377,28,6514],"tags":[281,736,2856,2966,3457],"class_list":["post-35350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","category-breaking-news","category-faculty-news","category-featured-anthropology","category-news","category-research","category-top-news","category-ucf-today","tag-anthroplogy","tag-college-of-sciences","tag-research","tag-sarah-stacy-barber","tag-ucf"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New Study Explores How Governance Has Evolved Across History - College of Sciences News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Study Explores How Governance Has Evolved Across History - College of Sciences News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly published study&nbsp;in&nbsp;Science Advances&nbsp;is taking a broader look at how societies have organized power across history, combining archaeological and historical evidence to better understand governance over time. Coauthor Sarah \u201cStacy\u201d Barber, professor and associate chair for UCF\u2019s Department of Anthropology, says the project was driven in part by the growing availability of archaeological data [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ucf.edu\/news\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"College of Sciences News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-21T14:10:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-22T20:58:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/05\/Featured-Image-resized.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"College of Sciences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emily Dougherty\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"College of Sciences\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6e9ff53e7d544f9520e85d103951e606\"},\"headline\":\"New Study Explores How Governance Has Evolved Across History\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-21T14:10:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-22T20:58:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":850,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/new-study-explores-how-governance-has-evolved-across-history\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/29\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Featured-Image-resized.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Anthroplogy\",\"College of Sciences\",\"research\",\"Sarah Stacy Barber\",\"UCF\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Anthropology\",\"COS News\",\"Faculty News\",\"Featured - 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