{"id":2136,"date":"2026-02-09T13:08:32","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T18:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/?p=2136"},"modified":"2026-02-09T13:08:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T18:08:32","slug":"maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\/","title":{"rendered":"Maggie Doheny&#8217;s new paper describes the effects of minimum and maximum offers on trust"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2138\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/reciprocations-MD-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"Line graph showing mean reciprocations per block (range 0-5) across six blocks for four groups: Stable High, Extreme High, Stable Low, and Extreme Low, with error bars for each point.\" width=\"505\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/reciprocations-MD-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/reciprocations-MD.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A new paper in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcogn.2025.1576987\"><em>Frontiers in Cognition<\/em><\/a> by Maggie Doheny (ADDL PhD student), Dr. Nelson Roque (PSU), and Dr. Lighthall describes the complexities between trust, reciprocity, and perceptions of fairness in economic decision making.<\/p>\n<p>Using an adapted multi-round economic trust game, this study highlighted the effects of minimum and maximum offerings on both reciprocations and trust perceptions. Participants played the game with one &#8220;extreme&#8221; partner, who made a maximum or minimum offer, and one &#8220;stable&#8221; partner who did not. They played in either a high or low offer condition, where all offers from the stable partner were above or below the median amount, respectively. Each partner was actually a computer program, although participants were made to think that they were playing with another user in real time.<\/p>\n<p>Findings showed that while extreme-high partners did receive slightly more reciprocations than stable-high partners, the difference in the proportion of reciprocations was minimal (only 1.66%). This lack of difference supports the idea that extreme amounts do not create a major impact on reciprocation when all offers are above the median amount or \u201cfair.\u201d As predicted, the stable-low partner received more reciprocations than the extreme-low partner. Ratings of trust followed a similar pattern. Extreme-high partners received higher trust ratings, but only by a negligible amount. In the low condition, however, trust ratings were significantly higher for the stable partner.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2139\" src=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/MD-trust-ratings-300x162.jpg\" alt=\"Bar graph showing average trustworthiness ratings for four conditions: Stable High (79.14), Extreme High (80.54), Stable Low (71.79), and Extreme Low (65.14), with error bars.\" width=\"511\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/MD-trust-ratings-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/MD-trust-ratings.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>These results align with Prospect Theory in that minimum offers have a greater impact on both behavior and perceptions than equivalent gains (maximum offers). Ultimately, this study displays the lasting impact of extreme actions on trust, with extreme betrayal weighing more heavily than extreme generosity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For access to the paper:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cognition\/articles\/10.3389\/fcogn.2025.1576987\/full#h4\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Doheny,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> M.M., <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Roque, N.A. &amp; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Lighthall N.R<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">. (<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">2025<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Maximum and minimum offers effect trust-related decision-making in an economic game<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"><em>Frontiers in Cognition<\/em><\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><em><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">4. <\/span><\/em><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8349263 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcogn.2025.1576987<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new paper in Frontiers in Cognition by Maggie Doheny (ADDL PhD student), Dr. Nelson Roque (PSU), and Dr. Lighthall describes the complexities between trust, reciprocity, and perceptions of fairness in economic decision making. Using an adapted multi-round economic trust game, this study highlighted the effects of minimum and maximum offerings on both reciprocations and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":273,"featured_media":2138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,14,6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2136","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-collaborations","8":"category-papers","9":"category-phd-students","10":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maggie Doheny&#039;s new paper describes the effects of minimum and maximum offers on trust - Adult Development &amp; Decision Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maggie Doheny&#039;s new paper describes the effects of minimum and maximum offers on trust - Adult Development &amp; Decision Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new paper in Frontiers in Cognition by Maggie Doheny (ADDL PhD student), Dr. Nelson Roque (PSU), and Dr. Lighthall describes the complexities between trust, reciprocity, and perceptions of fairness in economic decision making. Using an adapted multi-round economic trust game, this study highlighted the effects of minimum and maximum offerings on both reciprocations and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Adult Development &amp; Decision Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T18:08:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sciences.ucf.edu\/psychology\/lighthalllab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2026\/02\/reciprocations-MD.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"624\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jordan Sammarco\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jordan Sammarco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jordan Sammarco\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f4178b718a9bdabd600677e6ce637d06\"},\"headline\":\"Maggie Doheny&#8217;s new paper describes the effects of minimum and maximum offers on trust\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-09T18:08:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":318,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/12\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/reciprocations-MD.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Collaborations\",\"Papers\",\"PhD students\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciences.ucf.edu\\\/psychology\\\/lighthalllab\\\/maggie-dohenys-new-paper-describes-the-effects-of-minimum-and-maximum-offers-on-trust\\\/\",\"name\":\"Maggie Doheny's new paper describes the effects of minimum and maximum offers on trust - Adult Development &amp; 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